Acronyms: 
DG –  Data Guard
OCI – Oracle Cloud Infrastructure  

The most important part of the IT Infrastructure is having a proper Disaster Recovery plan. Organizations are spending colossal sums of money to have appropriate DR infrastructure. The best practice is creating your DR site in a different city or geographical location. OCI provides greater flexibility to create DR within the same or different regions. Even small/medium-scale companies can afford these DR sites. These OCI cloud features enable greater enhancement to infrastructure.

Furthermore, OCI provides Oracle Data Guard features to address DR (Disaster Recovery) situations. Data Guard enables and ensures high availability, data protection, and disaster recovery for your enterprise database.

Oracle Data Guard provides an extensive set of services that create, maintain, manage, and monitor one or more standby databases to enable the production of Oracle Databases to survive disasters (such as natural disasters) and data corruption.

 

Active Data Guard vs. Normal Data Guard

Oracle Data Guard maintains these standby databases as a cloned version of the production database and regularly applies changes from the Primary Database to the Standby Database. Then, if the production database becomes unavailable because of a planned or unplanned outage, Oracle Data Guard can switch any standby database to the primary role, minimizing the downtime associated with the outage.

Active Data Guard: Active Data Guard enables read-only access to a physical standby database for queries, sorting, reporting, Web-based access, and so on, while continuously applying changes received from the primary database. In Active Data Guard standby database works as to be read-only with the apply state.

oci figure

Note: For Active Data Guard, when you create the database, you need to select Extreme Performance.

There are 4 different types of editions in Oracle Cloud:

  1. Enterprise Edition
  2. Standard Edition
  3. High-Performance
  4. Extreme Performance

Normal Data Guard:  Normal Data Guard enables you to switch to the Standby Database when your primary database is down due to some outage or natural disaster. In Normal Data Guard, you can still open the standby database in read mode but changes are not applied while in read-only mode. 

oci figure 2

Types of DG: Physical | Logical | Snapshot

  • Physical: Redo logs are Shipped and Applied to Standby Database
  • Logical: Mainly used for Rolling Upgrades and Redo logs are shipped & transformed to SQL & then they are applied
  • Snapshot: A snapshot Standby Database receives and archives, but does not apply redo logs data from a primary database

Creating DG in a cloud environment is now simplified to less than 4 clicks. In this article, I will cover how to create a standby database within the same region.

First, navigate to the database and view the database. This shows the enabled Data Guard.

oci figure 3

As per this figure, we need the feed to Display Name, Region, and Availability Domain, etc.

oci figure 4

Next, select the required shape for the database server and provide the hostname for the standby server.

It is important to select the correct network Virtual Cloud Network (VCN). We are creating this in the public segment to access this via the internet.

oci figure 5

Next, select the database mode and transport mode. For this test, I’m selecting Maximum Performance and transport mode as Async.

oci figure 6

 

Error

This error comes up when the port 1512 is not enabled for destination:

Data Guard Association cannot be created when standard database service port (1521) is 
blocked for instances in 
Subnet: ocid1.subnet.oc1.ca-toronto-1.aaaaaaaavkfa3xtnoyn4ce5l4g2ttgzf54lhkofaavnaoxiv3irog7ghkika 
by security rules associated with 
Subnet: ocid1.subnet.oc1.ca-toronto-1.aaaaaaaaceab2pepfsk54ektbyuvfl2rulk4d4luzbfu2iduyr7cmd2gwibq

 

Solution

To overcome this we need to create two rules: one for Ingress and another for Egress. Port 1512 should be available to communicate with standby server in region level.

oci figure 7

Follow the same steps above to create the standby database.

oci figure 8

Once the provisioning is complete check the status from work request.

oci figure 9

 

Verification

We can validate the Data Guard status using dgmgrl utility. Also, it’s better to check the database role by logging into the database.

Database Role:

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS       HOST_NAME                                                        STARTUP_TIME
---------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
PWSH011          MOUNTED      dbsdpl251                                                        26/10/2021 20:55
PWSH012          MOUNTED      dbsdpl252                                                        26/10/2021 20:55
SQL> select open_mode,database_role from gv$database;

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- ----------------
MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY
MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL>

DGMRRL Utility:

#### DG status
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - PWSH01_yyz16x_PWSH01_yyz1k6

  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  PWSH01_yyz16x - Primary database
    PWSH01_yyz1k6 - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 22 seconds ago)
DGMGRL> show database verbose 'PWSH01_yyz1k6';
Database - PWSH01_yyz1k6

  Role:               PHYSICAL STANDBY
  Intended State:     APPLY-ON
  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
  Average Apply Rate: 4.00 KByte/s
  Active Apply Rate:  198.00 KByte/s
  Maximum Apply Rate: 198.00 KByte/s
  Real Time Query:    ON
  Instance(s):
    PWSH011
    PWSH012 (apply instance)